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Osprey Property Management | 
August 28, 2024
August 28, 2024
A squatter is someone who occupies an abandoned or vacant property without the owner’s permission. While this may sound illegal, squatting is legal under certain conditions in the United States—including Virginia. In fact, squatters can have rights to the property they occupy. Known as "adverse possession" rights, squatters may claim legal ownership if they meet specific requirements under Virginia law.
As a property owner in Virginia, it's essential to understand these rights to prevent potential issues with squatters. Evicting a squatter isn’t a simple process and can be both time-consuming and emotionally challenging. Knowing the legal landscape can help you protect your property.
What Are Squatters' Rights in Virginia?
Squatters’ rights refer to the conditions under which an individual occupying a property without permission may claim legal ownership. In Virginia, a squatter can acquire a legal claim if they meet certain criteria through adverse possession. This legal principle allows an unauthorized occupant to gain rights to a property after continuously occupying it for a specific period under certain conditions.
The Basics of Adverse Possession in Virginia
Adverse possession is a legal doctrine that allows someone to claim ownership of land they’ve been using without permission. In Virginia, a squatter must meet the following criteria to make a successful claim of adverse possession:
- Continuous Occupation: The squatter must occupy the property without interruption for at least 15 years.
- Open and Notorious Use: The squatter’s occupancy must be obvious to others, including the property owner.
- Hostile Claim: The squatter must occupy the property without permission, meaning it’s against the interest of the actual owner.
- Exclusive Use: The squatter must be the sole occupant of the property, not sharing it with others, including the owner.
- Actual Possession: The squatter must physically use the property, such as living there or making improvements.
If a squatter meets all these conditions for 15 years, they may file for legal ownership. Understanding these criteria helps property owners recognize the risks and take steps to prevent adverse possession.
How to Identify Squatters and Their Legal Standing in Virginia
It’s important to understand how Virginia law defines a squatter versus a trespasser:
- Squatter: A squatter occupies the property without permission but may establish a legal claim over time through adverse possession.
- Trespasser: A trespasser is someone who has no legal right or established claim to the property. Property owners can take immediate legal action to remove trespassers.
However, squatting can sometimes lead to adverse possession if the individual establishes a continuous, open, and hostile claim to the property.
Frequently Asked Questions about Squatters’ Rights in Virginia
1. Can a squatter really take ownership of my property?
Yes, if a squatter meets Virginia’s adverse possession requirements, they may be able to claim ownership. However, it takes at least 15 years of continuous, exclusive, and open occupation without the owner’s permission.
2. What should I do if I find someone squatting on my property?
First, contact local law enforcement to assess whether the squatter is trespassing. You may need to file an eviction or ejectment action if law enforcement cannot remove them. Consulting an attorney is also recommended.
3. Does paying property taxes help prevent adverse possession claims?
While not required for adverse possession in Virginia, paying property taxes may support your legal claim and help prove ownership if you need to reclaim your property.
4. What if a squatter has fake documents claiming ownership?
If a squatter provides fraudulent documents, contact law enforcement immediately. False claims or forged documents can be grounds for immediate legal action.
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